gov.noaa.ncdc:C00288 National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Unknown tabular digital data http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov Northern and Southern Hemispheric Smoothed Gridded Data is a historical digital data set archived at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). NORTHERN HEMISPHERE - A project was established at NCDC (then called National Weather Records Center) by the U.S. Navy to produce grid-point data for the surface and Upper Air of the Northern Hemisphere. Monthly mean pressures, temperatures and dew points were produced in the computers at what is now the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center at Monterey, California. For the upper air, monthly mean heights, temperatures and dew points were produced. Dew points were produced only through the 500-mb surface. The pressure surfaces are 850, 700, 500, 300, 200, and 100 mb. Grid point values for the mean temperatures and dew point were furnished in the Monterey grid and grid intersections of five degrees of latitude and longitude. The height grid is furnished by every five degrees of latitude and longitude. The files now available in the NCDC archives are those that provide the above information in the five by five grids of latitude and longitude. In a cooperative arrangement the original grid-point data extracted from the work charts were furnished to National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado (NCAR). These data have been screened and continuity checks in time and space made as a feedback to the NCDC for control purposes. The original charts have been modified and new grid-point data have been provided to NCAR. These data have been incorporated where possible. These will be supplemented by another similar package for the Southern Hemisphere. SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE - The basic analyses and selected derived products have been published in four volumes of an atlas covering selected climatic conditions in the southern hemisphere. Volume I (Taljaard, et al., 1969) gives mean monthly isopleth charts of sea- level pressure and of height, temperature and dew point at selected upper levels together with smoothed grid-point values produced by computer analysis from these charts. Volume II will deal with with geostrophic zonal and meridional wind components. Volume III (Van Loon, et al., 1971) with isogons and isotachs of the geostrophic wind. Volume IV (Crutcher, et al., 1971) with selected meridional cross sections of temperature, dew point, and isobaric height. To make a wide range of climatic data available to researchers and the public. Jenne, R.L. J.J. Taljaard H. Van Loon H.L. Crutcher 19710101 Vol. II Boulder, Colorado National Center for Atmospheric Research NCARTN/STR-57 and NAVAIR 50-1C-56 - 42 pp Taljaard, J.J. R.L. Jenne H. Van Loon H.L. Crutcher 19680101 Notos 17, 63-140 Van Loon, H. J.J. Taljaard R.L. Jenne H.L. Crutcher 19710101 Selected meridional cross section of the temperatures, dew point, and height Vol IV Asheville, N.C. NOAA Environmental Data Service, NCDC 62 pp. data set C00288 National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Jenne, R.L., J.J. Taljaard, H. Van Loon, and H. L. Crutcher, CLIMATE OF THE UPPER AIR: SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE, Vol. II, zonal geostrophic winds. NCARTN/STR-57 and NAVAIR 50-1C-56, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, 42 pp., 1971. Taljaard, J.J., R.L. Jenne, H. Van Loon, and H.L. Crutcher, Seasonal range, anomalies and other aspects of sea-level pressure, isobaric height, temperature, and dew point at selected levels in the Southern Hemisphere, Notos 17, 63-140, 1968. Van Loon, H., J.J. Taljaard, R.L. Jenne, and H.L. Crutcher, CLIMATE OF THE UPPER AIR: SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. Vol IV, Selected meridional cross section of the temperatures, dew point, and height, NOAA Environmental Data Service, Asheville, N.C., 62 pp., 1971. 19650101 19661031 Ground Condition Complete As Needed -180.0 180.0 90.0 -90.0 ISO 19115 Topic Category climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere 004 elevation 006 imageryBaseMapsEarthCover 010 oceans 014 DIF Discipline Keyword Thesaurus Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Meteorology Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Climatology Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Weather Earth Sciences > Ocean > Oceanography GCMD Sciences Keyword Valids EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ALTITUDE > GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ALTITUDE > TROPOPAUSE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE > PRESSURE THICKNESS EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE > SEA LEVEL PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE > AIR TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > DEW POINT EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > UPPER LEVEL WINDS EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > VERTICAL WIND MOTION EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER ELEVATION/ICE SHEET ELEVATION EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SEA ICE > SEA ICE ELEVATION EARTH SCIENCE > HYDROSPHERE > GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS > GLACIER ELEVATION/ICE SHEET ELEVATION EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > TOPOGRAPHY > TERRAIN ELEVATION EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SEA ICE > SEA ICE ELEVATION GCMD Location Valids GLOBAL GCMD Location Valids LAND SURFACE TROPOSPHERE TROPOPAUSE STRATOSPHERE 1 None None In the analysis of the data, procedures were first used to insure time and space continuity of surface temperature and sea level pressure over the ocean areas. Grid point data were read from the U.S. Navy Marine Climatic Atlas series for selected latitudes in order to construct curves as shown in figure 1. Data for orcad as provided guidance in drawing the curves showing the annual march of temperature at the other grid points. After the curves were drawn, points were read from them to use in drawing the monthly maps. In Volume I of the southern hemisphere atlas, we described the procedures used to maintain vertical consistency in the analyses. The seven levels are the surface, 850,700, 500, 300, 200 and 100 mb. The basic analyses were for the seven levels for the four seasonal months of January, April, July and October. For the other eight months analyses were only made at sea level, 500 mb and 200 mb. Later on, the other 100 mb height maps were also hand-drawn. Unknown Completeness information not available. Unknown Unknown Each record in the files has the following ASCII format: HEADER section. Col. 1 : HEMISPHERE. 1=northern, 2=southern Col. 2-3 : NFORM. Form of data processing. See NFORM description. Col. 4-5 : NTYPE. Type of data. See TYPES table. Col. 6-9 : LEVEL. See LEVEL description. Col. 10-11 : MONTH. " 1" through "12". Col. 12-14 : LONGITUDE. " 0", " 5", " 10", ..., "355". DATA section. See DATA description. 1 Col. 15-20 : DATA for latitude = 0 (equator). 2 Col. 21-26 : DATA for latitude = 5 in given hemisphere. 3 Col. 27-32 : DATA for latitude = 10 in given hemisphere. 4 Col. 33-38 : DATA for latitude = 15 in given hemisphere. 5 Col. 39-44 : DATA for latitude = 20 in given hemisphere. 6 Col. 45-50 : DATA for latitude = 25 in given hemisphere. 7 Col. 51-56 : DATA for latitude = 30 in given hemisphere. 8 Col. 57-62 : DATA for latitude = 35 in given hemisphere. 9 Col. 63-68 : DATA for latitude = 40 in given hemisphere. 10 Col. 69-74 : DATA for latitude = 45 in given hemisphere. 11 Col. 75-80 : DATA for latitude = 50 in given hemisphere. 12 Col. 81-86 : DATA for latitude = 55 in given hemisphere. 13 Col. 87-92 : DATA for latitude = 60 in given hemisphere. 14 Col. 93-98 : DATA for latitude = 65 in given hemisphere. 15 Col. 99-104 : DATA for latitude = 70 in given hemisphere. 16 Col. 105-110: DATA for latitude = 75 in given hemisphere. 17 Col. 111-116: DATA for latitude = 80 in given hemisphere. 18 Col. 117-122: DATA for latitude = 85 in given hemisphere. 19 Col. 123-128: DATA for latitude = 90 in given hemisphere. 20 Col. 129-130: Always "99". NFORM - 85 or 84 for processed and derived grids. 75 for all of the original hand-analyzed grids after mechanical and mountain corrections were made, but before smoothing. TYPES table 6 - Sea-leavel pressure (mbs) 1 - Heights (m) 3 - Temperature (degrees C) 4 - Dew point temperature (degrees C) 16 - Geostrophic U wind (m/sec) 17 - Geostrophic V wind (m/sec) 18 - Geostrophic total wind (m/sec) 50 - Surface pressure (mbs) 51 - Portion of surface pressure due to dry air (mbs) 52 - Portion of surface pressure due to water vapor (mbs) 53 - Daily standard deviations of sea-level pressure by months (mbs) 54 - Daily standard deviations of height by months (m) 55 - Daily RMS changes of sea-level pressure changes by months (mbs) 56 - Daily RMS changes of height by months 91 - Showalter stability index from monthly means 10 - Virtual temperature calculated from height grids 11 - Tropopause pressure calculated from height grids 12 - Tropopause temperature calculated from height grids 97 - Elevation (depth) of the earth's crust (not ice) 98 - Normal elevation data of ice or land (the ocean is zero) LEVEL - The level of the data in millibars. The number 1014 is used for sea level, 1001 is used for surface, 1002 is used for depth data, and 5 is used for the tropopause. DATA - Divide a DATA integer by 10 to get a floating-point (real) number which is the actual data value. Measurement units of a data value are explained in TYPES table above. Descriptions of 11 different items/combinations of TYPES and NFORM. Item 1 TYPES: 6, 1 #GRIDS: 91 NFORM: 85 OR 84 DESCRIPTION: Sea level pressure plus height grids for levels 850, 700, 500, 300, 200, 100 mb. The grids were horizontally smoothed. Some intermediate month grids were not 'hand' analyzed but were computer derived. (The number of grids is 7 grids/month times 13 months.) Item 2 TYPES: 3,4 #GRIDS: 143 NFORM: 85 or 84 DESCRIPTION: Temperature and dew point. Temperature for surface though 100 mb; dew point, surface through 500 mb. Surface is not smoothed. Levels above surface were horizontally smoothed. A number of the intermediate month grids were not hand analyzed but were computer derived; the methods are described elsewhere. (11x13 grids) Item 3 TYPES: 16, 17, 18 #GRIDS: 273 NFORM: 85, 84 DESCRIPTION: Geostrophic U, V, total winds (m/sec) derived from grids in item 1 above. These winds were then time smoothed and then horizontally smoothed with a simplified smoothing program that had no polar area grid transformation. The special calculation of the winds at the equator, 5S, 10S, and the pole is described elsewhere. (21x13 grids) Item 4 TYPES: 50, 51, 52 #GRIDS: 39 NFORM: 85, 84 DESCRIPTION: Surface pressure, pressure from dry air, pressure form water vapor. Calculated from grids in items 1, 2, 9, and from the tropopause pressure and temperature in item 8. Item 5 TYPES: 53, 54 #GRIDS: 26 NFORM: 85, 84 DESCRIPTION: Daily standard deviations by months for the IGY period for sea- level pressure and 500 mb height. Based on 18 months of data. Grids for the same months were averaged when available, and then the 12 grids were time smoothed followed by a horizontal smoothing pass. Item 6 TYPES: 55, 56 #GRIDS: 26 NFORM: 85, 84 DESCRIPTION: Daily RMS changes by months for the IGY period for sea-level pressure and 500 mb height. Shows the 24-hour changes. The data were grouped and smoothed as in item 5. Item 7 TYPES: 91 #GRIDS: 12 NFORM: 85, 84 DESCRIPTION: Showalter stability index calculated from the mean monthly values in item 2. Item 8 TYPES: 10, 11, 12 #GRIDS: 108 NFORM: 85, 84 DESCRIPTION: Calculated virtual temperature at sea level through 100 mb and tropopause pressure and temperature from the pressure and height grids in item 1. (9 x 12 grids) Item 9 TYPES: 97, 98 #GRIDS: 4 NFORM: 85, 84 DESCRIPTION: Geography. Type 97 is elevation of the earth's crust. Thus it gives the depth of the oceans and the base of the icecaps. Code 98 gives the normal elevation data, thus 0 over water and the elevation of ice or earth over land. All values represent an average value for a 5 degree latitude- longitude square centered about each grid-point. If the month code is 1, the data is for the northern hemisphere; 2 is for the southern hemisphere. Item 10 TYPES: 6, 1 #GRIDS: 60 NFORM: 75 DESCRIPTION: Sea-level pressure and height grids. Same as item 1 only before smoothing. The other 24 grids plus the annual means in item 1 were derived by computer methods. Item 11 TYPES: 3, 4 #GRIDS: 76 NFORM: 75 DESCRIPTION: Temperature and dew point temperature grids. Same as item 2 only before smoothing. The surface grids include some "mountain" corrections where the original temperature represented a mountain peak temperature rather than the surface temperature at an average elevation. The surface grids are identical to the corresponding grids in item 2. This contains only the hand analyzed maps; these were not drawn for all months at all levels. None National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Customer Service Mailing and physical

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Asheville North Carolina 28801-5001 USA 828-271-4800 828-271-4876 NCDC.Orders@noaa.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata: Extensions for Remote Sensing Metadata FGDC-STD-012-2002