gov.noaa.ncdc:C00047 National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Unknown tabular digital data http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov SOLMET Hourly Solar Radiation and Meteorological Surface Observations is historical data set DSI-9724 archived at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). SOLMET was designed to provide the solar energy users with easy access to all appropriate historical meteorological data. The major parameters which make up this file are solar time, local standard time, extra terrestrial radiation, direct radiation, diffuse radiation, net radiation, global radiation on a tilted surface, global radiation on a horizontal surface- (observed data), (engineering corrected data), (standard year corrected data), additional radiation measurements, minutes of sunshine, sky conditions, visibility, weather, pressure, temperature, wind, clouds, and snow cover indicator. The salient features of SOLMET are that it: 1. Merged all available insulation and meteorological data into a single source. 2. Presented all data in the International System of Units (SI). 3. Provided time information so users could access the information in true solar and/or standard time. The time of the meteorological observation is also indicated so that the user would be aware of the meteorological observation that has been selected that is closest to the time of the solar observation; i.e., selected to be the observation nearest to the midpoint of the solar hour. Provision has also been made to handle data that are recorded in local standard time for conversion to solar time. 4. Allowed for additional solar radiation parameters (such as direct and tilted, normal incidence, diffuse, net) that was allowed to be available from stations in the future. Allowance was also made in supplemental fields for additional measurements; i.e., ultraviolet, spectral, etc. 5. Converted all historical solar radiation data (including the extraterrestrial radiation field) to the same international scale based on the same solar constant. 6. Eliminated undesirable format features that were inherent in the past data sources such as over punches, blanks, etc. 7. Coded missing observations and those observations that were estimated via models (e.g., sunshine and cloud regression models). 8. Provided global solar radiation data as they were originally observed and provided the user with data corrected for all known scale, instrument, and calibration problems in addition to a data set corrected via a model. To make a wide range of climatic data available to researchers and the public. data set C00047 ANEMOMETERS BAROMETERS CEILOMETERS HYGROMETERS PSYCHROMETERS PYRANOMETERS PYRGEOMETERS PYRRADIOMETERS SUNSHINE RECORDERS THERMOMETERS VISUAL OBSERVATIONS WIND VANES WEATHER STATIONS National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce 19511201 19761231 Ground Condition Complete As Needed 170.0 -60.0 72.0 15.0 ISO 19115 Topic Category climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere 004 elevation 006 environment 007 DIF Discipline Keyword Thesaurus Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Meteorology Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Climatology Earth Sciences > Atmosphere > Weather Earth Sciences > Land > Hydrology GCMD Sciences Keyword Valids EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > AIR QUALITY > VISIBILITY EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE > SEA LEVEL PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE > SURFACE PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION > INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION > SOLAR RADIATION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION > SUNSHINE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION > OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION > NET RADIATION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE > AIR TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > DEW POINT EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > CLOUDS > CLOUD AMOUNT/FREQUENCY EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > CLOUDS > CLOUD BASE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > CLOUDS > CLOUD CEILING EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > CLOUDS > CLOUD HEIGHT EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > CLOUDS > CLOUD TYPES EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > CLOUDS > CLOUD VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > PRECIPITATION RATE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > PRECIPITATION AMOUNT EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > RAIN EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > SNOW EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SNOW/ICE > SNOW COVER EARTH SCIENCE > HYDROSPHERE > SNOW/ICE > SNOW COVER GCMD Location Valids UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PUERTO RICO GCMD Location Valids TROPOSPHERE STRATOSPHERE LAND SURFACE WEATHER STATIONS PYRANOMETERS WEATHER STATIONS PYRGEOMETERS WEATHER STATIONS PYRRADIOMETERS WEATHER STATIONS SUNSHINE RECORDERS WEATHER STATIONS CEILOMETERS WEATHER STATIONS VISUAL OBSERVATIONS WEATHER STATIONS ANEMOMETERS WEATHER STATIONS WIND VANES WEATHER STATIONS BAROMETERS WEATHER STATIONS THERMOMETERS WEATHER STATIONS HYGROMETERS WEATHER STATIONS PSYCHROMETERS 1 None None Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown FIELD NUMBER: 001 POSITION: 001-004 ELEMENT: Tape Deck Number FIELD NUMBER: 002 POSITION: 005-009 ELEMENT: WBAN Station Number REMARKS: Unique number used to identify each station. FIELD NUMBER: 003 POSITION: 010-019 ELEMENT: Year REMARKS: Year of observation, 00-99 = 1900-1999 POSITION: 010-011 ELEMENT: Month REMARKS: Month of observation, 01-12=Jan-Dec POSITION: 012-013 ELEMENT: Day REMARKS: Day of month = 1-31 POSITION: 014-015 ELEMENT: Hour REMARKS: End of the hour of observation in solar time (hours and minutes) FIELD NUMBER: 004 POSITION: 020-023 ELEMENT: Local Standard Time REMARKS: Local Standard Time in hours and minutes corresponding to end of solar hour indicated in field 003 FIELD NUMBER: 101 POSITION: 024-027 ELEMENT: Extra-Terrestrial Radiation REMARKS: Amount of solar energy in kJ/m^2 received at top of atmosphere during solar hour ending at time indicated on field 003, based on solar constant = 1377J (m^2.s) 9999 = nighttime values defined as zero kJ/m^2 FIELD NUMBER: 102 POSITION: 028 ELEMENT: Data code Indictor POSITION: 029-032 ELEMENT: Direct Radiation Data REMARKS: Portion of radiant energy in kJ/m^2 received at the pyrheliometer directly from the sun during solar hour ending at time indicated in field 003. FIELD NUMBER: 103 POSITION: 033 ELEMENT: Data code Indictor POSITION: 034-037 ELEMENT: Diffuse Radiation Data REMARKS: Amount of radiant energy in kJ/m^2 received at the instrument indirectly from reflection, scattering, etc., during the solar hour ending at the time indicated in field 003. FIELD NUMBER: 104 POSITION: 038 ELEMENT: Data code Indictor POSITION: 039-042 ELEMENT: Net Radiation Data REMARKS: Difference between the incoming and outgoing radiant energy in kJ/m^2 during the solar hour ending at the time indicated in field 003. A constant of 5000 has been added to all net radiation data. FIELD NUMBER: 105 POSITION: 043 ELEMENT: Data code indicator POSITION: 043-047 ELEMENT: Global Radiation on a Tilted Surface Data REMARKS: Total of direct and diffuse radiant energy in kJ/m^2 received on a tilted surface (tilt angle indicated in station - period of record list) during solar hour ending at the time indicated in Field 003 ELEMENT: Global Radiation on a Horizontal Surface POSITION: 048-062 REMARKS: Total of direct and diffuse radiant energy in kJ/m^2 received on a horizontal surface by a pyranometer during the solar hour ending at the time indicated in Field 003 FIELD NUMBER: 106 POSITION: 048-052 ELEMENT: Observed Data REMARKS: Observed value POSITION: 048 ELEMENT: Data Code Indicator POSITION: 049-052 ELEMENT: Data FIELD NUMBER: 107 POSITION: 053-057 ELEMENT: Engineering Corrected data REMARKS: Observed value corrected for known scale changes, stations name, recorder and sensor calibration changes, etc. POSITION: 053 ELEMENT: Data code indicator POSITION: 054-057 ELEMENT: Data FIELD NUMBER: 108 POSITION: 058-062 ELEMENT: Standard Year Corrected Data POSITION: 058 ELEMENT: Data Code Indicator POSITION: 059-062 ELEMENT: Data REMARKS: Observed value adjusted to Standard Year Model. This model yields expected clear sky irradiance received on a horizontal surface at the elevation of the station. FIELD NUMBER: 109,110 POSITION: 063-072 ELEMENT: Additional Radiation Measurements Supplemenatal fields A and B for additional radiation measurements; type of measurement specified in station-period of record list. POSITION: 063-068 ELEMENT: Data Code Indicators POSITION: 064-067 ELEMENT: Data POSITION: 069-072 ELEMENT: Data Note for fields 102-110: Data code indicators are: 0 Observed data 1 Estimated from model using sunshine and cloud data 2 Estimated from model using cloud data 3 Estimated from model using sunshine data 4 Estimated from model using sky condition data 5 Estimated from linear interpolation 6 Reserved for future use 7 Estimated from other model 8 Estimated without use of a model FIELD NUMBER: 111 POSITION: 073-074 ELEMENT: Minutes of Sunshine REMARKS: For Local Standard hour (LSH) most closely matching solar hour FIELD NUMBER: 201 POSITION: 075-076 ELEMENT: Time of DSI-1440 observation REMARKS: LSH of DSI-1440 Meteorological Observation that comes closest to midpoint of the solar hour for which solar data are recorded. FIELD NUMBER: 202 POSITION: 077-080 ELEMENT: Ceiling Height REMARKS: Dam = ceiling height in decameters (m x 10); ceiling is defined as sky cover of .6 or greater. 7777 = unlimited; clear 8888 = unknown height of cirroform ceiling FIELD NUMBER: 203 POSITION: 081 ELEMENT: Indicator POSITION: 082-085 ELEMENT: Sky Condition REMARKS: Identifies observations after 06/01/51. Coded by layers are described; if less than 4 layers are present the remaining positions are coded 0. The code for each layer is: 0 = Clear or less than .1 cover 1 = Thin scattered (.1 - .5 cover) 2 = Opaque scattered (.1 - .5 cover) 3 = Thin broken (.6 - .9 cover) 4 = Opaque broken (.6 - .9 cover) 5 = Thin overcast (1.0 cover) 6 = Opaque overcast (1.0 cover) 7 = Obscuration 8 = Partial obscuration FIELD NUMBER: 204 POSITION: 086-089 ELEMENT: Visibility REMARKS: Prevailing horizontal visibility in hectometers (m x 10^2). 8888 = unlimited FIELD NUMBER: 205 POSITION: 090-097 ELEMENT: Weather POSITION: 090 ELEMENT: Occurrence of Thunderstorm, Tornado or Squall 0 = None 1 = thunderstorm - lightning and thunder. Wind gusts less than 50 knots and hail, if any less than 3/4 inch diameter. 2 = Heavy or severe thunderstorm - frequent lightning and thunder. Wind gusts 50 knots or greater and hail, if any, 3/4 inch or greater diameter. 3 = Report of tornado or waterspout 4 = Squall (sudden increase of wind speed by at least 16 knots, reaching 22 knots or more and lasting for at least one minute). POSITION: 091 ELEMENT: Occurrence of rain, rain showers or feezing rain 0 = None 1 = Light rain 2 = Moderate rain 3 = heavy rain 4 = Light rain showers 5 = Moderate rain showers 6 = Heavy rain showers 7 = Light freezing rain 8 = Moderate or heavy freezing rain POSITION: 092 ELEMENT: Occurrence of drizzle, freezing drizzle 0 = None 1 = Light drizzle 2 = Moderate drizzle 3 = Heavy drizzle 4 = Light freezing drizzle 5 = Moderate freezing drizzle 6 = Heavy freezing drizzle POSITION: 093 ELEMENT: Occurrence of snow, snow pellets or ice crystals 0 = None 1 = Light snow 2 = Moderate snow 3 = Heavy snow 4 = Light snow pellets 5 = Moderate snow pellets 6 = Heavy snow pellets 7 = Light ice crystals 8 = Moderate ice crystals Beginning April 1963 intensities of ice crystals were discontinued. All occurrences since this date are recorded as an 8. POSITION: 094 ELEMENT: Occurrence of snow showers and snow grains 0 = None 1 = Light snow showers 2 = Moderate snow showers 3 = Heavy snow showers 4 = Light snow grains 5 = Moderate snow grains 6 = Heavy snow grains Beginning April 1963 intensities of snow grains were discontinued. All occurrences since this data are recorded as a 5. POSITION: 095 ELEMENT: Occurrence of sleet (ice pellets), sleet shower or hail 0 = None 1 = Light sleet or sleet showers (ice pellets) 2 = Moderate sleet or sleet showers (ice pellets) 3 = Heavy sleet or sleet showers (ice pellets) 4 = Light hail 5 = Moderate hail 6 = Heavy hail 7 = Light small hail 8 = Moderate or heavy small hail Prior to April 1970 ice pellets were coded as sleet. Beginning April 1970 sleet and small hail were redefined as ice pellets and are coded as a 1, 2 or 3 in this position. Beginning September 1956 intensities of hail were no longer reported and all occurrences were recorded as a 5. POSITION: 096 ELEMENT: Occurrence of fog, blowing dust or blowing sand 0 = None 1 = Fog 2 = Ice fog 3 = Ground fog 4 = Blowing dust 5 = Blowing sand These values recorded only when visibility lass than 7 miles. POSITION: 097 ELEMENT: Occurrence of smoke, haze, dust, blowing snow, blowing spray 0 = None 1 = Smoke 2 = Haze 3 = Smoke and haze 4 = Dust 5 = Blowing snow 6 = Blowing spray These values recorded only when visibility is less than 7 miles. FIELD NUMBER: 206 POSITION: 098-107 ELEMENT: Pressure POSITION: 098-102 ELEMENT: Sea Level Pressure REMARKS: Pressure, reduced to sea level, in kilopascals (kPa) and hundredths. POSITION: 103-107 ELEMENT: Station Pressure REMARKS: Pressure at station level in kilopascals (kPa) and hundredths. FIELD NUMBER: 207 POSITION: 108-115 ELEMENT: Temperature POSITION: 108-111 ELEMENT: Dry Bulb REMARKS: Degrees Celcius and tenths POSITION: 112-115 ELEMENT: Dew Point REMARKS: Degrees Celcius and tenths FIELD NUMBER: 208 POSITION: 116-122 ELEMENT: Wind POSITION: 116-118 ELEMENT: Wind Direction REMARKS: Degrees POSITION: 119-122 ELEMENT: Wind Speed REMARKS: m/s and tenths; 0000 with 000 direction indicated calm. FIELD NUMBER: 209 POSITION: 123-162 ELEMENT: Clouds POSITION: 123-124 ELEMENT: Total sky cover POSITION: 125-126 ELEMENT: Lowest cloud layer amount POSITION: 127-128 ELEMENT: Type of lowest cloud or obscuring phenomena POSITION: 129-132 ELEMENT: Height of base of lowest cloud layer or obscuring phenomena POSITION: 133-134 ELEMENT: Second layer amount POSITION: 135-136 ELEMENT: Type of second layer POSITION: 137-140 ELEMENT: Height of base of second layer POSITION: 141-142 ELEMENT: Summation of first 2 layers POSITION: 143-144 ELEMENT: Third layer amount POSITION: 145-146 ELEMENT: Type of third cloud layer POSITION: 147-150 ELEMENT: Height of base of third cloud layer POSITION: 151-152 ELEMENT: Summation of first 3 layers POSITION: 153-154 ELEMENT: Fourth layer amount POSITION: 155-156 ELEMENT: Type of fourth cloud layer POSITION: 157-160 ELEMENT: Height of base of fourth cloud layer POSITION: 161-162 ELEMENT: Total opaque sky cover Notes: (1) Tape configuration and remarks for total sky cover, cloud amount, summation of cloud layers and total opaque sky cover. CONFIGURATION: 00-10 REMARKS: Amount of celestial dome in tenths covered by clouds or obscuring phenomena. Opaque means clouds or obstruction through which the sky or higher cloud layers cannot be seen. (2) Tape configuration and remarks for type of cloud or obscuring phenomena CONFIGURATION: 00-16 REMARKS: Generic cloud type or obscuring phenomena. 0 = None 1 = Fog 2 = Stratus 3 = Stratocumulus 4 = Cumulus 5 = Cumulonimbus 6 = Altostratus 7 = Altocumulus 8 = Cirrus 9 = Cirrostratus 10 = Stratus fractus 11 = Cumulus fractus 12 = Cumulonimbus mamma 13 = Nimbostratus 14 = Altocumulus castellanus 15 = Cirrocumulus 16 = Obscuring phenomena other than fog (3) Tape configuration and remarks for height of base of cloud layer of obscuring phenomena. CONFIGURATION: 0000-3000 REMARKS: Dekameters CONFIGURATION: 7777 REMARKS: Unlimited, clear CONFIGURATION: 8888 REMARKS: Unknown height or cirroform layer FIELD NUMBER: 210 POSITION: 163 ELEMENT: Snow Cover Indicator 0 indicates no snow or trace of snow on ground 1 indicates more than trace of snow on ground None National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Customer Service Mailing and physical

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Asheville North Carolina 28801-5001 USA 828-271-4800 828-271-4876 NCDC.Orders@noaa.gov DSI-9724 Every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of current NOAA quality control procedures. NOAA can only certify that the data provided to its customers is an authentic copy of the records which were accepted for inclusion in NOAA archives. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. 20060705 20060627 National Climatic Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce Customer Service Mailing and physical

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Asheville North Carolina 28801-5001 USA 828-271-4800 828-271-4876 NCDC.Orders@noaa.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata: Extensions for Remote Sensing Metadata FGDC-STD-012-2002